Public Perceptions of Social Justice and Institutional Fairness: Exploring Trust, Legitimacy, and Citizen Attitudes

Abstract

Perceptions of fairness play a central role in shaping citizens’ relationships with social and political institutions. This study examines how individuals evaluate social justice, institutional fairness, and equality in everyday life. It focuses on the factors that influence public trust, including transparency, equal treatment, accountability, accessibility, and institutional responsiveness. The study also investigates how personal experiences and social inequalities shape perceptions of whether institutions operate fairly. Differences in perceptions across socioeconomic and demographic groups are considered to understand variations in institutional trust. The research argues that public confidence is influenced not only by institutional performance but also by citizens’ perceptions of procedural fairness and inclusion. Understanding these perceptions can contribute to the development of more responsive and socially legitimate institutions.